မြန်မာ ဘာသာစကား သဒ္ဒါ

GRAMMAR OF THE BURMESE LANGUAGE,

BY A. JUDSON.

RANGOON;

AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS,

F. D. Phinney, Supt.

1883.

§83. The following pronominals are prefixed to their nouns, with the usual connectives:—

သို့, such.

ဤသို့, သည်သို့, such, of this sort.

ထိုသို့, ယင်းသို့, such, of that sort.

အဘယ်သို့, အသို့, ဘယ်သို့, မည်သို့, of what sort.

အကြင်သို့, of whatever sort.

ကဲသို့, and its compounds, such as. §84. The following, viz. အချို့ and တချို့, some, အခြား, တခြား, and တပါး, other, ခပ်​သိမ်း and အလုံးစုံ, all, are joined to their nouns according to the general rule, except that when prefixed, the connective is in some instances omitted. ခပ်​သိမ်းစုံ, all is prefixed with a connective.

§85. တထူး, other, တကာ, many, အားလုံး all, and အလုံး, all, the whole, are uniformly affixed.

§86. အလုံး, when affixed to a noun or a numeral auxiliary, frequently drops the အ, or changes it to စ, as အိမ်လုံး, or အိမ်​စလုံး, the whole house; အိမ်​သုံး​ခုလုံး, or အိမ်​သုံး​ခု​စလုံး, all the three houses. When affixed to a singular noun, the compound occasionally takes the numeral တ, one, before it, without a change of meaning, as တအိမ်လုံး, or တအိမ်​စလုံး, the whole house; သင်္ဘော​တ​စင်းလုံး, the whole ship.

§101. The numeral တ, one, combined with a numeral auxiliary reduplicated, as တခုခု, တယောက်​ယောက်, denotes any one, some one (out of several); when combined with a numeral auxiliary, and the combination reduplicated, as တခု​တခု, တယောက်​တ​ယောက်, it denotes one after another (whether every one or several); when combined with a numeral auxiliary, and followed by the same numeral combined with လေ, as တခု​တ​လေ, တယောက်​တ​လေ (sometimes reversed), it denotes a few, now and then one, here and there one; when combined with a numeral auxiliary, and preceded by the same numeral, combined with စုံ, as တစုံ​တခု, တစုံ​တ​ယောက်, it denotes some one, indefinite. Such combinations may be regarded as pronominal adjectives. They are joined to their nouns, according to the general rule.

§128. numerals.

Cardinal. Ordinal.

တစ်, or တ, ၁, one, ပဌမ, first,

နှစ်, ၂, two, ဒုတိယ, second,

သုံး, ၃, three, တတိယ, third,

လေး, ၄, four, စတုတ္ထ, fourth,

ငါး, ၅, five, ပည္စမ, fifth,

ခြောက်, ၆, six, ဆဌမ, sixth

ခုနစ်, ၇, seven, သတ္တမ, seventh,

ရှစ်, ၈, eight, အဌမ, eighth,

ကိုး, ၉, nine, နဝမ, ninth,

တဆယ်, ၁၀, ten, ဒသမ, tenth,

တဆယ်တစ်, ၁၁, eleven, ဧကာဒသမ, eleventh,

တဆယ်နှစ်, ၁၂, twelve, &c. ဒွါဒသမ twelfth,

နှစ်ဆယ်, ၂၀, twenty, ဝီသတိမ, twentieth,

သုံးဆယ်, ၃၀, thirty, &c. တိံသမ, thirtieth.

တရာ, ၁၀၀, one hundred,

တထောင်, ၁၀၀၀, one thousand,

တသောင်း, ၁၀၀၀၀, ten thousand,

တသိန်း, ၁၀၀၀၀၀, one hundred thousand,

တသန်း, ၁၀၀၀၀၀၀, one million,

တကုဋေ, ၁၀၀၀၀၀၀၀, ten millions.

§129. One half is expressed by တ​ဝက်, or ဝက်, placed after the noun of dimension or quantity, as ယူ​ဇ​နာ​တ​ဝက်, or ယူ​ဇ​နာ​ဝက်, half a yoozana; one and a half, two and a half, &c. by တ, နှစ်, &c. placed before, and ခွဲ after, as တ​ယူ​ဇ​နာ​ခွဲ, one yoozana and a half, နှစ်​ယူ​ဇ​နာ​ခွဲ two yoozanas and a half, &c. One and a quarter, &c. is expressed by prefixing တ, &c. and affixing တ​စိတ်, connected to the noun by နှင့်, as တ​ယူ​ဇ​နာ​နှင့်​တ​စိတ် one yoozana and a quarter, &c. All fractions, except one half, are commonly expressed by the help of အစု, a collection; thus သုံး​စု​တွင်​တစု, one third, လေး​စု​တွင်​တစု, one quarter, ငါး​စု​တွင်​သုံးစု, three fifths.

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